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Essay-based exams: A short guide

A guide to in-person essay-based exams

Organising your writing time

  • Divide your time sensibly between the questions,
    • According to how many marks are available for each.
    • Stick to the time limit you’ve set yourself for each question, so you can do justice to the entire exam paper.
  • Once you have chosen your essay question(s), give yourself 5–10 minutes to write an essay plan.
    • You may wish to plan all your answers right at the start of the exam.
  • It may help to brainstorm
    • Everything you remember about the topic,
    • Then select the points you want to make in your response.
    • Turn these points into a bullet-pointed outline for your essay.
  • As you write, tick off the points in your plan.
    • Make sure you are not wandering off topic.
  • Keep an eye on the clock. 
  • Depending on your preference,
    • You could either write the introduction to your essay immediately,
    • Or leave a blank space to write it after you’ve completed your main body.
  • If you run out of time to answer your last question(s) properly,
    • Write an essay plan in the remaining time. It may be possible for you to receive marks by doing so.
    • The essay plan illustrates that you know how to answer the question, but that you lack time to develop your ideas further.

Answering the exam questions

  • Pay attention to the terms used in the essay questions.
    • For instance, ‘discuss’ and ‘compare’ ask you for different types of responses.
  • Leave a blank line between your written lines:
    • By doing this, you will have enough space to add other ideas later (if needed), and you will make your marker’s reading experience easier.
  • Where appropriate, define and make clear your understanding of the key terms in the essay title.
    • Consider what other scholars and theories say about these terms or concepts. Reflect on the assumptions made within the essay question itself.
  • Whilst writing the essay, bear in mind the title or question at all times.
    • All your ideas need to be clearly related to it.
  • Follow conventional essay writing techniques.
    • For instance, only develop one idea per paragraph, and use signposting phrases to guide your marker through your line of reasoning.
  • If you do not have time to write the conclusion 
    • For an exam question, leave some blank space and move to the next question. You may find some spare time later to fill in the gap.
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