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Referencing

Helping you with referencing queries, referencing styles and referencing software supported by the University of Birmingham.

MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association)

The MHRA style is a general guide to writing style produced by the Modern Humanities Research Association initially for use in their own publications, but which has been widely adopted by many institutions publishing in the general areas of arts and humanities.

In-text referencing is by means of numbered footnotes, and a full bibliography is given in alphabetical order by authors' surnames.

Authoritative guides

  • MHRA handbook online: The official website of this style. Download your own copy of the official guide for detailed instructions on how to cite correctly and create a full biography and reference list. (Note that this is the complete style guide. The chapters relevant to referencing are 9, 10 and 11).
  • The printed MHRA Style Guide, 3rd edition, 2013.
  • Cite Them Right Online: This database has extensive examples of citations in MHRA style.  Select MHRA under 'Choose Referencing Style'.
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